Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a procedure that is used to treat sinusitis and other sinus conditions. It involves inserting a small endoscope, a thin tube with a light and camera at the end, into the nostrils to visualize the inside of the sinuses. The endoscope allows the surgeon to see any blockages or abnormalities in the sinuses and to remove them.

FESS is often used to treat chronic sinusitis, which is a long-term inflammation of the sinuses that can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, headaches, and difficulty breathing. It may also be used to treat other sinus conditions, such as nasal polyps or sinus infections.

The goal of FESS is to improve the function of the sinuses and to relieve symptoms.

It can be done under general anesthesia or local anesthesia, depending on the individual case and the preference of the patient.

There are several indications for FESS, including:

1. Chronic sinusitis: FESS is often used to treat chronic sinusitis, which is a long-term inflammation of the sinuses that can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, headaches, and difficulty breathing.

2. Recurrent sinus infections: If an individual is experiencing recurrent sinus infections that do not respond to medical treatment, FESS may be an option.

3. Nasal polyps: FESS may be used to remove nasal polyps, which are non-cancerous growths that can block the nasal passages and cause symptoms such as nasal congestion and difficulty breathing.

4. Mucocele

5. Fungal sinusitis

6. Sinonasal tumours

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is generally a safe and effective procedure, but like any surgery, it does carry some risks. Some potential risks and complications of FESS include:

1. Bleeding: There is a risk of bleeding during and after the surgery, which may require additional treatment.

2. Infection: There is a risk of infection at the surgical site, which can usually be treated with antibiotics.

3. Damage to surrounding structures: There is a risk of damage to the surrounding structures, such as the eye or the brain, during the surgery. This risk is generally low, but it is important to be aware of it.

4. Anesthesia risks: There are also risks associated with the use of anesthesia, including allergic reactions and complications related to the heart or lungs.

5. Persisting or worsening symptoms: In some cases, the symptoms that prompted the surgery may persist or worsen after the surgery.

Overall, the risks of FESS are relatively low, but it is important for individuals to be aware of them and to discuss any concerns with their healthcare team.

Here are some general guidelines for recovery after FESS:

1. Pain management: The patient may experience some pain and discomfort after the surgery, and pain medication may be prescribed to manage this.

2. Nasal congestion: It is common to have nasal congestion and drainage after FESS. The patient may be advised to use saline nasal sprays to help clear any congestion.

3. Rest and relaxation: It is important for the patient to get plenty of rest and to avoid strenuous activities for the first week or two after the surgery.

4. Follow-up care: The patient will likely need to follow up with their surgeon within a week or two after the surgery to check on their progress and to address any concerns.

5. Avoiding certain activities: The patient should avoid activities that could cause a sudden increase in blood pressure, such as heavy lifting or straining, for at least two weeks after the surgery.

Overall, it is important for the patient to follow the instructions of their healthcare team and to take it easy during the recovery period in order to ensure a smooth and successful recovery from FESS.